TPS stands for transactions per second and refers to the number of transactions that a network can process each second. For example, the TPS of Bitcoin is around 5 and that of Ethereum is around 10 at the moment. This means that a higher fee is needed to have a transaction processed quickly. New Blockchains can distinguish themselves by having a much higher TPS, but this often comes with more centralisation of lower (chain) security.
Transactions Per Second (TPS)
Transactions Per Second (TPS) Explainer Video
What is Transactions Per Second (TPS)? | Crypto Terms Explained