Zero-Knowledge Rollup (zk-Rollup)

A Zero-Knowledge Rollup (zk-Rollup) is a Layer 2 scaling solution that processes transactions off-chain and generates a cryptographic validity proof (using zero-knowledge proofs) to verify the correctness of all transactions in a batch. Unlike optimistic rollups, zk-rollups do not require a challenge period because the validity proof mathematically guarantees correctness. This results in faster finality and greater security. Examples include zkSync, StarkNet, and Polygon zkEVM.